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Luciano Berio was an Italian composer born on October 24, 1925, in Oneglia, and he passed away on May 27, 2003, in Rome. He was a pioneering figure in serial, experimental, and electronic composition. Berio studied under his father and grandfather, both of whom were organists and composers, as well as with Giorgio Federico Ghedini at the Milan Conservatory in the late 1940s. In 1950, he married an American singer, with whom he had a daughter. The following year, at Tanglewood, he met influential figures that led him to explore and transcend 12-note serialism, as exemplified in his Joyce cycle, Chamber Music for voice and trio (1953). In 1954, he met other key composers in Basle and became a central member of the Darmstadt circle. Berio directed an electronic music studio at the Milan station of Italian radio from 1955 to 1961, during which he produced several significant works, including Sequenza I for flute (1958), Circles (1960), and Epifanie (1961). These compositions established his focus on the means and archetypes of musical communication. For much of the following decade, Berio resided in the USA, where he taught and composed notable works such as Laborintus II for voices and orchestra (1965), Sinfonia (1969), and Opera (1970). His
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