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Pierre Henri Marie Schaeffer (August 14, 1910 – August 19, 1995) was a French composer, writer, broadcaster, engineer, musicologist, and acoustician, recognized as the inventor of musique concrète and the first composer to create music using magnetic tape. Born in Nancy, Lorraine, France, Schaeffer was the son of engineers and initially pursued a similar career, studying at the École Polytechnique. After working as a telecommunications engineer in Strasbourg, he joined the Office de Radiodiffusion Télévision Française (ORTF) in Paris in 1936, where he began experimenting with recorded sounds, manipulating them in innovative ways. His first significant work, the Étude aux chemins de fer (1948), was made from recordings of trains. Schaeffer founded the Jeune France group and co-founded the Studio d'Essai in 1942, which played a role in the French resistance during World War II and became a hub for musical activity afterward. In 1949, he established the Groupe de Recherche de Musique Concrète (GRMC) with a collaborator, gaining official recognition from ORTF in 1951 and access to a new studio with a tape recorder. Schaeffer left the GRMC in 1953 but reformed it in 1958 as the Groupe de Recherches Musicales (GRM). In 1960, he became the director of the Service de Recherche de l'

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