Siegmar Fricke, a German electronic music pioneer, began his sonic explorations in 1981, crafting musique concrète collages with tape recorders and shortwave radio signals. Active in the European tape scene from 1985 to 1993, he collaborated with artists like Miguel A. Ruiz, Maurizio Bianchi, and Giancarlo Toniutti. Fricke's project, Pharmakustik, delves into "pharmakustik free-form electronics," characterized by reduced rhythmic patterns, clinically filtered ambiences, and electro-modulated voices, aiming to transcend conventional musical structures. ([nts.live](https://www.nts.live/artists/53963-siegmar-fricke?utm_source=openai))